Titanium
Titanium — lightweight, durable silver-white metal with excellent corrosion resistance. First instance of titanium metal alloy was obtained in Sweden in 1825, but only 100 years later in 1925 it was possible to extract pure metal in Netherlands for first time.
General characteristics
Titanium metal is characterized by properties:
- Melting point 1670 °C;
- Boiling point 3287 °C;
- At minus temperatures (below -80 °C) it becomes brittle;
- Has characteristic plasticity;
- Welded in an inert atmosphere;
- High viscosity;
- At temperatures above 73 K, metal gains paramagnetism;
- Titanium shavings are highly flammable and can explode at flash point of 400 °C.
In addition to these properties, titanium forms alloys and intermetallic compounds with wide range of other metals.
Application area
The scope of titanium and titanium alloys is diverse:
- Aviation and rockets;
- Shipbuilding;
- Chemical industry;
- Military industry (body armor, submarine skin, etc.);
- Automotive industry;
- Agriculture and food industry;
- Jewelry and sporting goods;
- Mobile gadgets;
- Medicine (dentures, implants, equipment) and others.
Also, world’s first titanium monument was created in honor of Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin, 42.5 meters high, which is located in Moscow.
Steel grades
Among brands of titanium emit:
Alloy grades |
Chemical composition, % |
Standard | |||||||||||||||||||
GOST |
Wnr |
Uns |
Fe |
Si |
Sn |
Cr |
Mn |
Ti |
Ni |
V |
Zr |
Al |
C |
O |
Mo |
N |
H |
W |
Pd |
Impurities | |
VT1−00 |
3.7025 |
R50250 |
<0.15 |
<0.08 |
99.58−99.9 |
<0.05 |
<0.1 |
<0.04 |
<0.008 |
GOST 19807−91 | |||||||||||
VT1−0 |
3.7035 |
R50400 |
<0.25 |
<0.1 |
99.24−99.7 |
<0.07 |
<0.2 |
<0.04 |
<0.01 |
GOST 19807−91 | |||||||||||
VT1−1 |
3.7055 |
R50550 |
<0.25 |
<0.12 |
99.038−99.7 |
<0.08 |
<0.15 |
<0.05 |
<0.012 |
GOST 19807−91 | |||||||||||
VT1−2 |
3.7065 |
R50700 |
<1.5 |
<0.15 |
> 97.79 |
<0.1 |
<0.3 |
<0.15 |
<0.01 |
GOST 19807−91 | |||||||||||
VT6 |
3.7165 |
R56200 |
<0.6 |
<0.1 |
86.45−90.9 |
3.5−5.3 |
<0.3 |
5.3−6.8 |
<0.1 |
<0.2 |
<0.05 |
<0.015 |
GOST 19807−91 | ||||||||
VT5−1 |
3.7114 |
R54520 |
<0.3 |
<0.12 |
2−3 |
88.83−93.4 |
<1 |
<0.3 |
4.3−6 |
<0.1 |
<0.15 |
<0.05 |
<0.015 |
GOST 19807−91 | |||||||
- |
3.7235 |
R52400 |
<0.15 |
Rest |
<0.06 |
<0.12 |
<0.05 |
<0.0013 |
0.15 — 0.25 |
<0.4 |
DIN 17851 | ||||||||||
PT3V |
3.7195 |
R56320 |
<0.25 |
<0.12 |
91.534−95.3 |
1.2−2.5 |
<0.3 |
3.5−5 |
<0.1 |
<0.15 |
<0.04 |
<0.006 |
GOST 19807−91 | ||||||||
- |
3.7225 |
R52550 |
<0.25 |
Rest |
<0.06 |
<0.25 |
<0.05 |
<0.013 |
DIN 17860 | ||||||||||||
- |
3.7101 |
R53400 |
<0.25 |
Rest |
0.6 — 0.9 |
<0.1 |
<0.25 |
0.2 — 0.4 |
<0.05 |
<0.015 |
<0.4 |
DIN 17865 | |||||||||
- |
- |
R52252 |
<0.2 |
Rest |
<0.1 |
<0.18 |
<0.03 |
<0.015 |
0.04 — 0.08 |
<0.4 |
|||||||||||
- |
3.7164 |
R56401 |
<0.3 |
Rest |
3.5 — 4.5 |
5.50 — 6.75 |
<0.08 |
<0.05 |
<0.005 |
||||||||||||
Iodide |
- |
- |
99.95 |
||||||||||||||||||
VT3−1 |
- |
- |
0.2−0.7 |
0.15−0.4 |
0.8−2 |
85.95−91.05 |
<0.5 |
5.5−7 |
<0.1 |
<0.15 |
2−3 |
<0.05 |
<0.015 |
GOST 19807−91 | |||||||
VT5 |
- |
- |
<0.3 |
<0.12 |
90.63−95.2 |
<1.2 |
<0.3 |
4.5−6.2 |
<0.1 |
<0.2 |
<0.8 |
<0.05 |
<0.015 |
GOST 19807−91 | |||||||
VT6S |
- |
- |
<0.25 |
<0.15 |
87.86−90.9 |
3.5−4.5 |
<0.3 |
5.3−6.5 |
<0.1 |
<0.15 |
<0.04 |
<0.015 |
GOST 19807−91 | ||||||||
VT8 |
- |
- |
<0.3 |
0.2−0.4 |
88.485−91.2 |
<0.5 |
5.8−7 |
<0.1 |
<0.15 |
2.8−3 |
<0.05 |
<0.015 |
GOST 19807−91 | ||||||||
VT9 |
- |
- |
<0.25 |
0.2−0.35 |
86.15−89.9 |
1−2 |
5.8−7 |
<0.1 |
<0.15 |
2.8−3.8 |
<0.05 |
<0.015 |
GOST 19807−91 | ||||||||
VT14 |
- |
- |
<0.25 |
<0.15 |
86.85−92.8 |
0.9−1.9 |
<0.3 |
3.5−6.3 |
<0.1 |
<0.15 |
2.5−3.8 |
<0.05 |
<0.015 |
GOST 19807−91 | |||||||
VT20 |
- |
- |
<0.25 |
<0.15 |
85.15−91.4 |
0.8−2.5 |
1.5−2.5 |
5.5−7 |
<0.1 |
<0.15 |
0.5−2 |
<0.05 |
<0.015 |
GOST 19807−91 | |||||||
VT22 |
- |
- |
0.5−1.5 |
<0.15 |
0.5−1.5 |
79.4−86.3 |
4−5.5 |
<0.3 |
4.4−5.7 |
<0.1 |
<0.18 |
4−5.5 |
<0.05 |
<0.015 |
GOST 19807−91 | ||||||
OT4−0 |
- |
- |
<0.3 |
<0.12 |
0.5−1.3 |
96.13−98.8 |
<0.3 |
0.4−1.4 |
<0.1 |
<0.15 |
<0.05 |
<0.012 |
<0.3 |
GOST 19807−91 | |||||||
OT4−1 |
- |
- |
<0.3 |
<0.12 |
0.7−2 |
94.33−97.5 |
<0.3 |
1.5−2.5 |
<0.1 |
<0.15 |
<0.05 |
<0.012 |
<0.3 |
GOST 19807−91 | |||||||
OT4 |
- |
- |
<0.3 |
<0.12 |
0.8−2 |
91.83−95.4 |
<0.3 |
3.5−5 |
<0.1 |
<0.15 |
<0.05 |
<0.012 |
<0.3 |
GOST 19807−91 | |||||||
PT7M |
- |
- |
<0.25 |
<0.12 |
93.834−96.2 |
2−3 |
1.8−2.5 |
<0.1 |
<0.15 |
<0.04 |
<0.006 |
GOST 19807−91 | |||||||||
VT1−2 |
- |
- |
<1.5 |
<0.15 |
> 97.79 |
<0.1 |
<0.3 |
<0.15 |
<0.01 |
GOST 19807−91 | |||||||||||
PT-1M |
- |
- |
<0.2 |
<0.1 |
98.47−99.8 |
<0.3 |
0.2−0.7 |
<0.07 |
<0.12 |
<0.04 |
OST 1−92077−91 | ||||||||||
3M |
- |
- |
<0.25 |
<0.12 |
94.04−96.5 |
<0.3 |
3.5−5 |
<0.1 |
<0.15 |
<0.04 |
OST 1−92077−91 | ||||||||||
2V |
- |
- |
<0.2 |
<0.1 |
94.968−97.5 |
<0.04 |
1−2 |
1.5−2.5 |
<0.07 |
<0.12 |
<0.002 |
GOST 27265−87 | |||||||||
5V |
- |
- |
<0.25 |
<0.12 |
87.42−92.84 |
0.7−2 |
1−1.5 |
<0.1 |
4.7−6.3 |
0.06−0.14 |
<0.13 |
0.7−2 |
<0.04 |
OST 1−92077−91 | |||||||
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Mass units
| Kilogram (kg) | Metric ton (mt) | Pound (lb) |
|---|---|---|
| 1 000 | 1 | 2 200.62 |
| 1 | 0.001 | 2.20 |
| 0.4536 | 1 |